Hlau Silicon
Industrially, hlau silicon feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev txo silica nrog cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub cub hluav taws xob. Kev sib npaug tshuaj lom neeg: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO Lub purity ntawm silicon uas ua li no yog 97 ~ 98%, uas yog hu ua metallic silicon. Tom qab ntawd nws yog melted thiab recrystallized, thiab impurities raug tshem tawm nrog cov kua qaub kom tau nws cov hlau silicon nrog purity ntawm 99.7 mus rau 99.8 feem pua.
Silicon hauv Cast Iron
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog silicon, yog li nws muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau silicon. Silicon muaj ob allotropes: amorphous silicon thiab crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon yog grey-dub hmoov, uas yog tiag tiag microcrystal. Crystalline silicon muaj cov qauv siv lead ua thiab cov khoom siv semiconductor ntawm pob zeb diamond, nrog lub melting point ntawm 1410 degree, boiling point ntawm 2355 degree, Mohs hardness ntawm 7, thiab brittleness.
Silicon Alloy
Amorphous silicon yog tshuaj lom neeg thiab tuaj yeem hlawv hnyav hauv oxygen. Nws reacts nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau xws li halogen, nitrogen, thiab carbon ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau xws li magnesium, calcium, thiab hlau los tsim cov silicides. Amorphous silicon yuav luag insoluble nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov inorganic thiab organic acids, nrog rau hydrofluoric acid, tab sis yog soluble nyob rau hauv ib tug tov ntawm nitric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid. Concentrated sodium hydroxide tov tuaj yeem yaj amorphous silicon thiab tso cov roj hydrogen. Crystalline silicon yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm thiab tsis ua ke nrog oxygen txawm tias nyob rau qhov kub thiab txias. Nws tsis yog soluble hauv ib qho inorganic acid lossis organic acid, tab sis yog soluble hauv cov kua qaub sib xyaw ntawm nitric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid thiab concentrated sodium hydroxide tov.
